`_IncompleteInputError` is leaked in the REPL if input compilation emits `SystemError`

[johnslavik]

Bug report

Bug description:

During investigating #150700 I found that running the snippet class X: [(lambda: __class__)() for () in ()] causes the following bugs to appear:

1. The REPL leaks _IncompleteInputError, which aborts writing the user input to history
2. The user input isn't shown; Traceback is shown immediately after the prompt string >>>

❯ ./python.exe
Python 3.16.0a0 (heads/gh-143535-singledispatchmethod-dispatches-on-first-argument:fad06746051, M) [Clang 17.0.0 (clang-1700.6.3.2)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> Traceback (most recent call last):r () in ()]
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/codeop.py", line 64, in _maybe_compile
    compiler(source, filename, symbol, flags=flags)
    ~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/codeop.py", line 117, in __call__
    codeob = compile(source, filename, symbol, flags, True)
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    class X: [(lambda: __class__)() for () in ()]
                                                ^
_IncompleteInputError: incomplete input

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/_pyrepl/readline.py", line 406, in multiline_input
    return reader.readline()
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/_pyrepl/reader.py", line 1021, in readline
    self.handle1()
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/_pyrepl/reader.py", line 1004, in handle1
    self.do_cmd(cmd)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/_pyrepl/reader.py", line 924, in do_cmd
    command.do()
    ~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/_pyrepl/readline.py", line 297, in do
    r.more_lines is not None and r.more_lines(text)
                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/_pyrepl/simple_interact.py", line 85, in _more_lines
    code = console.compile(src, "<stdin>", "single")
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/codeop.py", line 154, in __call__
    return _maybe_compile(self.compiler, source, filename, symbol, flags=self.compiler.flags)
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/codeop.py", line 67, in _maybe_compile
    compiler(source + "\n", filename, symbol, flags=flags)
    ~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/bartosz.slawecki/Python/cpython/Lib/codeop.py", line 117, in __call__
    codeob = compile(source, filename, symbol, flags, True)
SystemError: compiler_lookup_arg(name='__class__') with reftype=5 failed in X; freevars of code <lambda>: ('__class__',)

I believe this could be handled and _IncompleteInputError could be prevented from being leaked, although rare enough to decide otherwise. Let's see how much a fix would cost (I'm optimistic).

CPython versions tested on:

3.14, 3.15, 3.16, CPython main branch

Operating systems tested on:

macOS